Article 2 , Section 2 (Original text):
The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise
provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.
The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.
Explanation:
This section outlines the various powers vested in the President, including military command, consultation, pardons, treaty-making, appointments, and recess appointments.
Presidential Powers
- Commander in Chief:
- The President serves as the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States and of the militia of the several states when called into the actual service of the United States.
- Consultation and Pardons:
- The President may request written opinions from the principal officers of each executive department on matters relating to their duties.
- Additionally, the President has the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
- Treaties and Appointments:
- The President, with the advice and consent of the Senate (requiring two-thirds majority), has the power to make treaties.
- The President also nominates, and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoints ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not otherwise provided for by the Constitution.
- Congress may, by law, allow the appointment of certain inferior officers by the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
- Recess Appointments:
- The President has the power to fill vacancies that occur during the recess of the Senate by granting commissions, which expire at the end of the Senate’s next session.
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